[Oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy]
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) . 2018 Apr;88(4):228.e1-228.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
Fecha de la publicación: 23/06/2017
Autor: Antonio Nuñez (1), Isabel Benavente (2), Dorotea Blanco (3), Héctor Boix (4), Fernando Cabañas (5), Mercedes Chaffanel (6), Belén Fernández-Colomer (7), José Ramón Fernández-Lorenzo (8), Begoña Loureiro (9), María Teresa Moral (10), Antonio Pavón (11), Inés Tofé (12), Eva Valverde (13), Máximo Vento (14), co-investigadores del ensayo clínico
Palabras clave: Antioxidantes, Antioxidants, Asfixia; Asphyxia, Encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica, Especies reactivas de oxígeno, Estrés oxidativo, Free radicals, Hipotermia, Hypothermia, Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, Newborn, Oxidative stress, Radicales libres, Reactive oxygen species, Recién nacido.
PMID
- PMID: 28648366
- DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.05.005
Affiliations
1Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
2Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España.
3Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
4Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España.
5Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España.
6Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.
7Hospital General Universitario Asturias, Oviedo, España.
8Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
9Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, España.
10Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
11Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
12Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España.
13Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
14Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address: maximo.vento@uv.es.
Abstract
Birth asphyxia is one of the principal causes of early neonatal death. In survivors it may evolve to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and major long-term neurological morbidity. Prolonged and intense asphyxia will lead to energy exhaustion in tissues exclusively dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as the central nervous system. Energy deficit leads to ATP-dependent pumps blockage, with the subsequent loss of neuronal transmembrane potential. The most sensitive areas of the brain will die due to necrosis. In more resistant areas, neuronal hyper-excitability, massive entrance of ionic calcium, activation of NO-synthase, free radical generation, and alteration in mitochondrial metabolism will lead to a secondary energy failure and programmed neuronal death by means of the activation of the caspase pathways. A third phase has recently been described that includes persistent inflammation and epigenetic changes that would lead to a blockage of oligodendrocyte maturation, alteration of neurogenesis, axonal maturation, and synaptogenesis. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a critical role causing direct damage to the central nervous system and activating metabolic cascades leading to apoptosis and inflammation. Moderate whole body hypothermia to preserve energy stores and to reduce the formation of oxygen reactive species attenuates the mechanisms that lead to the amplification of cerebral damage upon resuscitation. The combination of hypothermia with coadjuvant therapies may contribute to improve the prognosis.
Copyright © 2017 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.